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copper-alloysCopper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion. The best known traditional types are bronze, where tin is a significant addition, and brass, using zinc instead. Both these are imprecise terms, both having been commonly referred to as lattens in the past. Today the term copper alloy tends to be substituted, especially by museums

The basic properties of copper alloys are largely influenced by the properties of copper itself. Copper is known to possess certain unique qualities that make it the best engineering material for bearing applications. These are:

  • High thermal conductivity
  • Excellent ductility and toughness over a wide range of temperatures
  • Excellent corrosion resistance in many different environments

The copper atom is quite similar to an atom of gold or silver, which together with copper make up a group in the periodic table of the elements. Everyone is aware of the excellent electrical conductivity of copper, which results from copper’s atomic structure. Within the copper atom lattice a cloud of free electrons is uniquely available for the transfer of electrical current. This same cloud of electrons also enhances the efficient transfer of thermal energy.

Classification of copper and its alloys
Family
Principal alloying element
UNS numbers
Copper alloys, brass
Zinc (Zn)
C1xxxx–C4xxxx,C66400–C69800
Phosphor bronze
Tin (Sn)
C5xxxx
Aluminium bronzes
Aluminium (Al)
C60600–C64200
Silicon bronzes
Silicon (Si)
C64700–C66100
Copper nickel, nickel silvers
Nickel (Ni)
C7xxxx

 

Chemical Composition Of Copper Alloys

Chemical composition of copper alloys

Family
CDA
AMS
UNS
Cu [%]
Sn [%]
Pb [%]
Zn [%]
Ni [%]
Fe [%]
Al [%]
Other [%]
Red brass
833
C83300
93
1.5
1.5
4
C83400
90
10
836
4855B
C83600
85
5
5
5
838
C83800
83
4
6
7
Semi-red brass
844
C84400
81
3
7
9
845
C84500
78
3
7
12
848
C84800
76
3
6
15
Manganese bronze
C86100
67
0.5
21
3
5
Mn 4
862†
C86200
64
26
3
4
Mn 3
863†
4862B
C86300
63
25
3
6
Mn 3
865
4860A
C86500
58
0.5
39.5
1
1
Mn 0.25
Tin bronze
903
C90300
88
8
4
905
4845D
C90500
88
10
0.3 max
2
907
C90700
89
11
0.5 max
0.5 max
Leaded tin bronze
922
C92200
88
6
1.5
4.5
923
C92300
87
8
1 max
4
926
4846A
C92600
87
10
1
2
927
C92700
88
10
2
0.7 max
High-leaded tin bronze
932
C93200
83
7
7
3
934
C93400
84
8
8
0.7 max
935
C93500
85
5
9
1
0.5 max
937
4842A
C93700
80
10
10
0.7 max
938
C93800
78
7
15
0.75 max
943
4840A
C94300
70
5
25
0.7 max
Aluminium bronze
952
C95200
88
3
9
953
C95200
89
1
10
954
4870B
4872B
C95400
85
4
11
C95410
85
4
11
Ni 2
955
C95500
81
4
4
11
C95600
91
7
Si 2
C95700
75
2
3
8
Mn 12
958
C95800
81
5
4
9
Mn 1
Silicon bronze
C87200
89
Si 4
C87400
83
14
Si 3
C87500
82
14
Si 4
C87600
90
5.5
Si 4.5
878
C87800
80
14
Si 4
C87900
65
34
Si 1
† Chemical composition may vary to yield mechanical properties

 

Mechanical properties of common copper alloys
Name
Nominal composition (percentages)
Form and condition
Yield strength (0.2% offset, ksi)
Tensile strength (ksi)
Elongation in 2 inches (percent)
Hardness (Brinell scale)
Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133)
Cu 99.9
Annealed
10
32
45
42
Cold-drawn
40
45
15
90
Cold-rolled
40
46
5
100
Gilding metal (ASTM B36)
Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0
Cold-rolled
50
56
5
114
Cartridge brass (ASTM B14, B19, B36, B134, B135)
Cu 70.0, Zn 30.0
Cold-rolled
63
76
8
155
Phosphor bronze (ASTM B103, B139, B159)
Cu 89.75, Sn 10.0, P 0.25
Spring temper
122
4
241
Yellow or High brass (ASTM B36, B134, B135)
Cu 65.0, Zn 35.0
Annealed
18
48
60
55
Cold-drawn
55
70
15
115
Cold-rolled (HT)
60
74
10
180
Manganese bronze (ASTM 138)
Cu 58.5, Zn 39.2, Fe 1.0, Sn 1.0, Mn 0.3
Annealed
30
60
30
95
Cold-drawn
50
80
20
180
Naval brass (ASTM B21)
Cu 60.0, Zn 39.25, Sn 0.75
Annealed
22
56
40
90
Cold-drawn
40
65
35
150
Muntz metal (ASTM B111)
Cu 60.0, Zn 40.0
Annealed
20
54
45
80
Aluminium bronze (ASTM B169 alloy A, B124, B150)
Cu 92.0, Al 8.0
Annealed
25
70
60
80
Hard
65
105
7
210
Beryllium copper (ASTM B194, B196, B197)
Cu 97.75, Be 2.0, Co or Ni 0.25
Annealed, solution-treated
32
70
45
B60 (Rockwell)
Cold-rolled
104
110
5
B81 (Rockwell)
Free-cutting brass
Cu 62.0, Zn 35.5, Pb 2.5
Cold-drawn
44
70
18
B80 (Rockwell)
Nickel silver (ASTM B122)
Cu 65.0, Zn 17.0, Ni 18.0
Annealed
25
58
40
70
Cold-rolled
70
85
4
170
Nickel silver (ASTM B149)
Cu 76.5, Ni 12.5, Pb 9.0, Sn 2.0
Cast
18
35
15
55
Cupronickel (ASTM B111, B171)
Cu 88.35, Ni 10.0, Fe 1.25, Mn 0.4
Annealed
22
44
45
Cold-drawn tube
57
60
15
Cupronickel
Cu 70.0, Ni 30.0
Wrought
Ounce metal Copper Alloy C83600 (also known as “Red brass” or “composition metal”) (ASTM B62)
Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb 5.0, Sn 5.0
Cast
17
37
25
60
Gunmetal (known as “red brass” in US)
Varies Cu 80-90%, Zn <5%, Sn ~10%, +other elements@ <1%

 

Specification
ISO
British
CEN
ASTM
Description
Designation
Standard
Number
Equivalent
Cu-ETP1
C100
CW003A
Electrolytically refined higher purity copper
Cu-ETP
C101
CW003A
C11000
Electrolytic, tough pitch high conductivity
CuAg(0.04)
C101
CW011A
Silver bearing copper
CuAg(0.07)
CW012A
Silver bearing copper
CuAg(0.10)
CW013A
Silver bearing copper
Cu-FRHC
C102
CW005A
C11020
Fire refined, tough pitch, high-conductivity
Cu-HCP
CW021A
High conductivity phosphorus deoxidised
Cu-DLP
CW023A
C12000
Low phosphorus deoxidised copper
Cu-FRTP
C104
CW006A
C12500
Tough pitch, non-arsenical copper
CuAs
C105
Tough pitch arsenical copper
Cu-DHP
C106
CW024A
C12200
Phosphorus deoxidised non-arsenical
CuAsP
C107
C14200
Phosphorus deoxidised arsenical copper
CuAg(0.04P)
CW014A
Silver bearing deoxidised copper
CuAg(0.07P)
CW015A
Silver bearing deoxidised copper
CuAg(0.10P)
CW016A
Silver bearing deoxidised copper
Cu-OF
C103
CW008A
C10200
Oxygen free, high conductivity copper
Cu-OFE
C110
CW009A
C10100
Oxygen free, high conductivity copper,
CuCd1
C108
C16200
Copper-cadmium
CuCr1
CC101
CW105C
C18200
Copper-chromium
CuCr1Zr
CC102
CW106C
Copper-chromium-zirconium
CuNi1Si
CW109C
C191010
Copper-nickel-silicon
CuNi2Si
CC102
CW111C
C70250
Copper-nickel-silicon
CuNi3Si
CW112C
C70320
Copper-nickel-silicon
CuNi4AlSi
Copper-nickel aluminium silicon
CuNiP
C113
CW108C
Copper-nickel-phosphorus
CuBe2
CB101
CW101C
C17200
Copper-beryllium
CuBe2Pb
CW102C
C17300
Leaded copper-beryllium
CuNi2Be
CW110C
C17510
Copper-nickel-beryllium
CuCo2Be
C112
CW104C
C17500
Copper-cobalt-beryllium
CuCo1Ni1Be
CW103C
Copper-cobalt-beryllium
CuZr
CW120C
C15000
Copper-zirconium
CuSi2Mn
CW115C
C65100
Copper-silicon
CuSi3Mn1
CS101
CW116C
C65500
Copper-silicon
CuTeP
C109
CW118C
C14500
Copper-tellurium
CuSP
C111
CW114C
C14700
Copper-sulphur
CuPb1P
CW113C
C18700
Copper-lead
CuZn0.5
CW119C
Copper-zinc
Cu-G
HCC1
CS040A
High conductivity copper
G-CuSn
Copper with small additions
CuCr1-G
CC1-TF
CS140C
Copper-chromium
CP140C
G-CuNiP
Copper-nickel-phosphorus
G-CuNi2Si
Copper-nickel -silicon
G-CuCo2Be
Copper-cobalt-beryllium
G-CuBe
Copper-beryllium
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